Tuesday, February 7, 2012

cyfkakhf;fy;

cyf ehLfspiNa nghUshjhu mbg;gilapy; xd;iwnahd;W rhu;e;j tsu;r;rpg; ghijia cyfkakhf;fy; vdyhk;. (Kaval Jit Sigh)

cyfk; xw;iw ,lkhf (Single Place) khwptUk; eilKiwNa cyfkakhf;fy; (Nuhyd;l; uhgu;lrd;)

cyfkakhf;fypd; tpisTfs; (A.K. gf;\p)

  1. mfpy cyf mstpy; tzpfk; tpuptilfpd;wJ.
  2. kf;fs; ehl;Lf;F ehL ,lk;ngau;T
  3. ehLfSf;fpilNa gzg;gupkhw;wk; mjpfupj;Js;sJ.
  4. %yjdk; xU ehl;bypUe;J NtnwhU ehl;bw;F vspjhfg; gazpf;fpwJ.
  5. rpy ehLfSf;F ,ilNa gd;ehl;L epWtdq;fs; tp];jupf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.
  6. mfpy cyf re;ijapy; nritj;Jiwfis fhg;GWjp tq;fp eyk; epjp Nghd;wit tsu;r;rpf; fz;Ls;sJ.
  7. mr;R> fzpdp kw;Wk; jfty; Jiwfspy; tsu;r;rpAk; tpupthf;fKk; gutyhf Vw;gl;Ls;sJ.
  8. njhopy;El;gk; kw;Wk; njhopy;El;g mwpT tpahghukhf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. ,jdhy; ehLfs; njhopy;El;gj;ij thq;Fk; jF ngw;Ws;sd.

cyfkakhf;fy; vd;why; vd;d?

,d;W %d;W fUj;jpay;fs; cyif Ml;rp Gupfpd;wd. mitahtd:

jhuhskakhf;fy; (Liberalization)

jdpahu; kakhf;fy; (Privatization)

cyfkakhf;fy; (Globalization)

cyfkakhf;fy; vd;gJ@

1. cyf ehLfSf;fpilNa nghUshjhu mbg;gilapy; xd;iwnahd;W rhu;e;j tsu;r;rpg;ghijia cyfkakhf;fy; vdyhk;.) (Kaval Jit Sigh)

2. cyfk; xw;iw ,lkhf khwptUk; eilKiwNa cyfkakhf;fy;. (Nuhyd;l; uhgu;lrd;)

3. kf;fs; xU ehl;bypUe;J Vida ehLfSf;F nrd;W tUtjw;fhd fl;Lg;ghLfs; jsu;j;jg;gLjy;> ehLfSf;filapyhd tzpff; fl;Lg;ghLfs; ,opthf;fg;gly;> cs;Su; re;ijfs;> nspehl;L KjyPLfSf;fhf jpwe;J tplg;gly;> ehLfSf;fpilapyhd njhiyj;njhlu;Gfs; tpupthf;fg;gly;> kf;fs; fyhrhuk; xd;wpizf;fg;gly; vd;gdtw;iw cs;slf;fpaJ cyfkakhf;fy;.

4. cyfkakhf;fy; vd;gJ kf;fs; xd;W$b thOjiy kl;Lk; nfhz;ljy;y. mJ fyhrhuk;> topfhl;ly;fs;> tpOkpaq;fs; vd;gtw;wpd; guptu;j;jidf;fhd xU jpwe;jntsp vdyhk;.

5. cyfkakhf;fy; vd;gJ Nghl;bj;jd;ikia Fiwj;jy;> Ntiytha;g;G> KjyPL> %yjdk; vd;gdtw;wpd; cl;gha;r;ry;> ru;tNjr tu;j;jfk;> njhiyj;njhlu;G kw;Wk; jfty; njhopy;El;gj;jpd; guty;> fyhrhu guptu;j;jid> fy;tpg; guptu;j;jid> ru;tNjr rl;lq;fs;> xOf;fk; gw;wpa eag;G> Rw;whly; gw;wpa ftdk;> r%f tpopg;Gzu;T vd;gtw;iw cs;slf;fpajhFk;.

6. fp.gp. 18> 19 Mk; E}w;whz;Lfspy; INuhg;ghtpy; Fwpg;ghf ,q;fpyhe;jpy; Vw;gl;l njhopw;Gul;rpiaj; njhlu;e;J Vw;gl;l fhydpahjpf;fj;ij cyfkakhf;fshy; njhlq;fp itj;jJ. njhopw;Gul;rp> gz;lq;fspd; cw;gj;jp> %yjdj;jpd; mNkhf tsu;r;rp> cyfshtpa re;ij> Njr vy;iyfis cilj;Jf;nfhz;L tsu;e;j njhopyhsu; xw;Wik> coif;Fk; tu;f;fj;jpd; Nghuhl;lk; ngw;Wj;je;j cyfg; ghu;it vd;gdNt cyfkakhjy; vd;fpw thu;j;ijf;F KO mu;j;jj;ijAk; jFjpiaAk; nfhLj;jd.

7. jftypd; Ntfkhd gupkhw;wk;> mwptpd; Ntfkhd mirtpaypy; epfoj; njhlq;fpa Ntis cyfkakhf;fy; njhlu;ghd vz;zf;fU cUthfpaJ vdyhk;.

8. Nkiyj;Njag; gz;ghL> tho;f;iff; Nfhyq;fs;> Efu;r;rp Kiwik> mwpTf; ifaspg;G Kjypatw;iw Ntfkhfg; gutr; nra;Ak; eltbf;ifia cyfkakhf;fy; Kd;ndLj;J tUfpd;wJ.

9. cyfkakhf;fNyhL ,ize;jjhf gpd; etPdj;JtKk; gy gz;ghl;L ,af;fq;fSk; Kifatpo;e;J tpuptilaj; njhlq;fpAs;sJ. Nkiyg;Gyj;jpy; Kfpo;e;njOe;j gy mwpT tpirfs; gpd; etPdj;Jt Mf;fj;ij Cf;Ftpj;J cs;sd. me;epfo;r;rpfisg; gpd;tUkhW gl;bayplyhk;.

1. ngsjpftpay; NkYk; Kd;Ndw;wk; ngwj;njhlq;fpa Nghjpd Kd;ndLj;j ,iz toq;fypaw; Nfhl;ghL (complement Tariicy)

2. fzpjtpaypy; cUthf;fg;gl;l Nfhnly;fpd; epWty; (Godel’s Prop)

3. Nghy; jpupahj;> njupjh kw;Wk; g+f;Nfh MfpNahupd; Muk;gf;fhy vOj;jhf;fq;fs;.

4. mwptpd; ,Ug;ig #oikTld; ,izj;J Nehf;Fk; mz;lu;rd; gp]; kw;Wk; nehrpNd MfpNahupd; vOj;jhf;fq;fs;.

10. cstpaiy xU Gyikg; ghlkhff; fw;wy; Nkiyg;Gyf; fy;tp tsu;r;rpAld; ,ize;j nraw;ghlhFk;. Kdpj elj;ijfs; kw;Wk; czu;Tfis mbnahw;wpa Nkiyg;Gy nghUz;kpa kw;Wk; gz;ghl;Lr; #oiy mbnahw;wpNa cstpay; fl;bnaog;gg;gl;Ls;sJ.

11. cyfkakhf;fy; r%f ePjpf;F vjpupilahd eltbf;iffSf;Fj; Jiz Nghjy; ntspg;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;bAs;sJ.

12. cyfkakhf;fypy; cstpay; Nfhl;ghLfs; ,wf;Fkjp nra;ag;gLk;nghOJ mtw;iw Vw;Wkjp nra;Ak; ehLfspy; Nkyhjpf;fk; nksdkhf vOr;rpngwj; njhlq;Ffpd;wJ. gFj;jwpAk; #oy;fSld; ,wf;Fkjp nra;Ak; mwpit ifahs Ntz;bAs;sJ.

mwpT Efu;r;rpg;ghq;fpid tsu;f;Fk; msTf;F NtW gpupj;jwpe;J jpwdha;T nra;Ak; Mw;wy;fSk; Cf;fkspf;fg;gltpy;iy.

1. gz;ghl;Lf;Fg; nghUj;jkw;wJk; J}z;bfisAk; cs;slf;fy;fisAk; jtpu;j;Jf; nfhs;sy;.

2. gz;ghLfSf;F me;epakhfpa mZFKiwfisAk; Kiwapay;fisAk; jtpu;j;Jf; nfhs;sy;.

3. Fwpj;j xU gz;ghl;Lg; gpd;Gyj;jpy; cUthf;fg;gl;l topKiwfis mjw;Fg; nghUj;jkw;w gpwpnjhU gz;ghl;Lj; jpzpj;jiyj; jtpu;j;Jf; nfhs;sy;.

cyfkakhf;fy; cyf ehLfs; kj;jpapy; xUq;fpizit Vw;gLj;jpAs;sJ. cyfkakhf;fy; cyfg; nghUshjhu epiyia cUthf;fpAs;sJ. cyfkakhf;fy; cyfk; KOtJK; nghUshjhu xUq;fpizg;gpidAk; r%f xUq;fpizg;gpidAk; cUthf;fpAs;sJ. cyfkakhf;fy; njhopy;El;gk;> nghUshjhuk;> murpay; kw;Wk; fyhrhuk; gpuptu;j;jidfisAk; njhiyj;njhlu;gpy; ghupa Kd;Ndw;w epiyiaAk; Nghf;Ftuj;jpYk; cl;fl;likg;G trjpapYk; ghupa khw;wq;fis cUthf;fpAs;sJ.

cyfkakhf;fypd; tpisTfs;

1. ru;tNjr tu;j;jfk; mjpfupj;Js;sJ. gy;NtW ehLfspd; cw;gj;jpg; nghUl;fs; tpw;fg;glTk;> nfhs;tdT nra;ag;glTk; ghupa tha;g;Gf;fspd; vz;zpf;if ntFthf mjpfupj;Js;sJ.

2. njhopEl;gj;jpd; juKk; mjd; ghtidAk; ehLfSf;fpilNa mjpfupj;Js;sJ.

3. gy;Njrpa fk;gdpfspd; nry;thf;F mjpfupj;Js;sJ. gy;Njrpa fk;gdpfspd; Jizf; fk;gdpfs; ehL KOtJk; tpupthf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

cjhuzkhf xU gy;Njrpa fk;gdpfspd; jiyikafk; xU ehl;by; ,Uf;fpd;wJ. mjd; fpisfs; gy;NtW ehLfspy; ,Uf;fpd;wJ. jiyikafk; fpisfis fl;Lg;gLj;j fpisfs; cw;gj;jpapdJk; tpw;gidapdJk; msit mjpfupg;gij ,yf;fhff; nfhz;Ls;sJ. cs;Su; re;ijfspy; fpisfs; mjpf jhf;fj;jpid nrYj;Jfpd;wJ.

4. cyf tu;j;jf mikg;G (WTO) ru;tNjr ehza epjpak; (IMT) cyf tq;fp (WB) vd;gtw;wpd; nry;thf;F ehLfspy; mjpfupj;Js;sJ.

5. ehLfSf;fpilNaahd gytpj tsg; gupkhw;wj;jpid mjpfupj;Js;sJ.

6. tzpf nray;Kiwapy; kypthdJk; jpwikahdJkhd kdpj tsj;ij gad;gLj;Jk; tha;g;Gf; fpilf;fpd;wJ.

7. r%f tpopg;Gzu;Tk; r%fg; ghJfhg;G gw;wpa czu;Tk; cUthfpAs;sJ. r%fg; gpur;rpidfisj; jPu;g;gjw;fhd Mjuthdhd mur rhu;gw;w epWtdq;fspd; (NGO) gq;fspg;Gf; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ngz;fs; cupik> rpWtu; cupik> Rw;Wr;#oy; ghJfhg;G njhop…………. ghJfhg;G vd;gtw;iw cjhuzkhff; Fwpg;gplyhk;.

gzpg;NghupypUe;J (Cold war) cyfkakhf;fy; tiu

  • gzpg;Nghu; cyfkakhf;fy;
  • gpupe;jpUj;jy; xUq;fpizg;G
  • jLg;Gr;Rtu;fs; tpupe;j tiyaikg;G
  • jLg;Gr; Rtu;fs; tpupe;j tiyaikg;G
  • 8/kiw ehLfspy; kl;Lk; 28/kiw ehLfspy;

jpwe;j re;ijfs; jpwe;j re;ijfs

  • NtWg;l;l fyhrhuk; cyf fyhrhuk;
  • epiw tpiuT
  • ehlfspd; mjpfhuk; re;ijfspdJk; mjpfhuk;

cyfkakhf;fy; ed;ikfs;

1. Nghf;Ftuj;J kw;Wk; njhiyj;njhlu;G Nkk;gl;l njhopy;El;gk;

nghUl;fis efu;j;Jjy;.

kf;fs; njhlu;G

Jiu cuha;T (Friction of Distance)

vd;gtw;wpy; khw;wk;

2. kf;fs; kw;Wk; %yjd ,af;fk;

kf;fs; tpUk;gpa ehLfspy; FbNawy;

tpUk;gpa ,lj;jpy; %yjdkpLjy;

tpUk;gpa ,lj;jpy; njhopy;Gupjy;

tpiuthd gzg; gupkhw;wk;

cau; Cjpak;

cau; gjtpfs;

3. mwpT guty;

Gjpa mwpT

Gjpa fz;Lgpbg;G

kzf;fg;glhj mwpT gputhrk;

Gjpa Mf;fj;jpwd;

tpQ;Qhdj; njhopy;El;gk;

tptrhaj; njhopy;El;gk;

kUj;Jtj; njhopy;El;gk;

fy;tpj; njhopy;El;gk;

4. mur rhu;gw;w epWtdq;fspd; tpopg;Gzu;T epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lq;fs;

cyfkakhf;fy; vd;why; vd;d?

cyfkakhf;fy; vd;gJ cyf ehLfisAk; mtw;wpy; thOk; kf;fisAk; xUq;fpizf;Fk; xU nrad;KiwahFk;. mJ nghUshjhu njhopy;El;gf; fyhrhu kw;Wk; murpay; gpizg;GfSf;$lhf cyfkf;fis kpf mUfpy; vLj;JtUtJld; mtu;fs; xUtupy; xUtu; jq;fpapUf;Fk; epiyiaAk; mjpfupf;fr; nra;fpd;wJ.

nghUshjhu fz;Nzhl;lj;jpy;

nghUshjhu fz;Nzhl;lj;jpy; Nehf;Fk;nghOJ cyfkakhf;fy; vd;gJ midj;J ehLfspdJk; tsu;e;JtUk; nghUshjhu xUq;fpizg;ghfTk; Njrpa re;ijfs; Xu; cyfshtpa re;ijapy; xUq;fpizAk; xU nrad;KiwahfTk; cs;sJ. Njrpa re;ijfs; nghUl;fs; kw;Wk; Nritfs; vd;gtw;wpyhd mjpfupj;j mstpyhd vy;iyj; jhz;ba tu;j;jfj;jpYk; ru;tNjr %yjdk; kw;Wk; gzk; vd;gtw;wpd; mirTfSf;$lhfTk; njhopy;El;g gupkhw;wj;Jf;$lhfTk; ,J ,lk; ngw;W tUfpd;wJ.

murpay; mbg;gilapy; Nehf;Fk;NghJ

murpay; mbg;gilapy; Nehf;Fk;NghJ cyfkakhf;fy; vd;gJ [dehafk;> kdpj cupikfs;> mbg;gil Rje;jpuq;fs;> ghy; rkj;Jtk;> xspT kiwtw;w Ml;rp kw;Wk; mur rhuh mikg;Gfspd; ngUf;fk; vd;w tifapy; fUjg;gl;L tUfpd;wJ.

r%ftpay; mbg;gilapy; Nehf;Fk;NghJ

cyf nkhopahf Mq;fpyj;ij Vw;Wf;nfhs;sy;> jpBu; cztfq;fs;> Nkw;fj;ija rpdpkh> ,ir> cilfspd; efhuPfk;> etPd tho;f;if Kiwfspd; gutyhf Nehf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

fy;tp uPjpahf Nehf;Fk;NghJ

njhopy;El;gj;jpd; tsu;r;rp fy;tpNahL ,izf;fg;gly;> Mq;fpynkhopf;F Kf;fpaj;Jtk;> jfty;fis tpiuthf ngWjy;> ,izaj;jpy; ngUksT jq;fpapUj;jy;> mr;rply; Kiwapy; khw;wk; tpUj;jp> ru;tNjrg; ghlrhiyfs;> jdpahs; gy;fiyf;fofq;fs;> gd;nkhop mwpT gutyhf;fy;> fyhrhug; gupkhw;wk;> fw;wy; - fw;gpj;jy; Kiwfspy; etPdkhw;wk;> cyf tq;fpapd; jiyaPL> ru;tNjr fk;gdpfs; fy;tpf; nfhs;if tFg;gpy; nry;thf;Fr; nrYj;Jjy;.

cyfkakhf;fYk; ,yq;ifapd; fy;tpAk;

cyfkakhf;fYld; ,ize;j vz;zf;fUf;fs;

gpd; etPdj;Jtk;

njhopy;El;g Kjyhspj;Jtk; (Techno capitalisms)

jfty; kPepiyg; ngUQ;rhiy (Information Sappier Highway)

Nfhs ntFrdg;ghL (Global Popular)

cyfshtpa ngUQ;re;ij

gpuNjr Nehf;fpy; rpe;jpAq;fs; Nfhs Nehf;fpy; nraw;gLq;fs; (Think Localy and act Globaly)

tu;j;jfk; vd;w epiyapy; r%fj;ij Ruf;fp tpLjy; (Class Reductionism) vd;w cyfkakhf;fy; Nehf;fpa rhjfkhd fUj;J.

,jw;F vjpuhf gpiwl;ld; gy;fiyf;fofj;ijr; Nru;e;j nuhk; `pf;fp gpd;tUkhW $Wfpd;whu;.

~~njhopyhsu; tu;j;jfj;ijr; Nru;e;j xUtu; fbd Kaw;rpapd; gpd;du; xU gy;fiyf;fofg; gl;lj;ij ngw;Wtpl;lhy; mJ mtiu tu;f;f epiyapy; ,Ue;J NtWgLj;jp tplkhl;lhJ. khwhf rk;gsk; ngWfpd;w njhopyhypahfNt cau;kl;lj;jpwd; nfhz;ltuhf kl;Lk; khw;Wk;.||

cyfkakhf;fypy; ngz;fspd; fy;tp Kd;Ndw;wk; ngUksTf;F cautpy;iy.

1. Mz;fspd; rk;gsj;NjhL xg;gpLk;NghJ ngz;fspd; rk;gsk; FiwT (cjhuzk; Kd;gs;sp mrpupiafs; fbd ciog;G> ghuk;gupa FLk;g tfpgq;Fld; ,ize;jJ.)

2. tWikahd ngz;fs; fy;tp KiwikapypUe;J ,yFthf ntsptPrg;gLfpd;wdu;.

3. ghlrhiy Kfhikj;Jt fl;likg;gpd; ngz;fSf;Fupa ,lk; toq;fg;gltpy;iy.

cyfkakhf;fypy; mwpT xU gz;lkhfNt khw;wg;gl;Ls;sJ. fl;lzk; nrYj;jpf; fw;Fk; KiwNa mjpfkhf cs;sJ.

Ntiyia mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l fw;wy; (Working Based Learning)

Ntiyia mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l fw;wy; fy;tpia eyd;Gup eltbf;if vd;w kuG topapypUe;J khw;wp re;ijapd; Njitf;Fupa fy;tpahf khw;wpaikf;fpd;wJ.

fy;tp toq;FdUk; fy;tp ngWdUk; re;ijapd; Njitf;Nfw;gNt fy;tpia Kd;ndLf;fpd;wd. ,jdhy; tWikf; Nfhl;bw;Ff; fPo;g;gl;Nlhu; epuhfupf;fg;gLk; rhj;jpaq;fs; cUthf;fpd;wd.

Coorporate Universities vd;w Gjpa fl;likg;G cUthf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

,it jkf;F Njitg;gLk; njhopy;fSf;FUpa Mw;wy;kpf;Nfhiu cUthf;FtNjhL gy fiyf;fofq;fs; fUtpfshfg; gad;gLj;j njhlq;fpAs;sd. midj;Jg; gl;ljhupfSf;Fk; fk;gdpfs; gw;wpa Neu;fl;rpfis cUthf;Fk; tzpfk; fiyj;jpl;lk; newpg;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd.

,jdhy; r%f %yjdk; vd;gJ r%f mb kl;lj;J kf;fs; r%f epuhfupg;Gf;F cs;shd kf;fis Ftpag;gLj;Jk; Xu; mwpif Kiwahf cUthf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

fw;Wf; nfhs;sypy; ICT njhopy;El;gk; gad;gLj;Jjy; Mrpupa nryTfisf; Fiwj;J fy;tp epWtdq;fspd; ,yhg kPl;liy mjpfupf;FK; Kaw;rpahFk;.

ICT %yk; xU Mrpupau; Kd;dupYk; ghu;f;f $Ljyhd vz;zpf;if nfhz;l khztu;fSf;F fw;gpf;ff;$ba Vw;ghl;il nra;fpd;wJ. ,e;j mD$yk; Mrpupaiu nrd;W milatpy;iy.

Mrpupau; nfhLg;gdit mjpfupf;fpd;wJ.

nghUsjhu epiyapy; mD$yk; ngw;wtu;fisj; njhlu;e;J fy;tp epiyapyk; Nkk;ghL milfpd;wd.

ifj;njhpy; kdpjiug;gw;wpa vd;w Gyf;fhl;rp nfhs;fpd;wNjh mj;jifa Gyf;fhl;rpia fy;tp epWtdq;fSk; Nkw;nfhs;s Ntz;ba epiyf;F js;sg;gl;Ls;sJ.

njhopy;El;g mwptpd; Ntfk; ,yf;fpa mwptpd; Ntfj;ij tpQ;Rk; tifapy; ,aq;fpf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wJ.

(Fwpg;gpl;l Neuj;jpy; kl;Lk; wmpT cz;ikahf ,Uf;Fk;.)

fy;tpapy; jw;NghJ gpd;gw;wg;gLk; junk;ghl;Lj; jpl;lq;fs;> juTWjpj; jpl;lq;fs; gad;ghl;L epiyapYk; efur;rp epiyapYk; Nkl;Lf; FbapdUf;Nf mD$yk; juf;$bait.

cyfkakhf;fy; vOj;jwpT

mwpTf; ifj;njhopy;fs; (Knowledge)

mwpTKfhikj;Jtk; (Knowledge Management)

Kjyhk; vz;zf;fUf;fs; re;ijg; nghUshjhuj;jpdJk; tsu;r;rpapdJk; cyfkakhf;fypdJk; ntspg;ghLfshf cs;sd.

ngUk; fk;gdpfs; jhNk gy;fiyf;fofq;fis ,af;fj; njhlq;fpAs;sd.

,izaj;jsg; gad;ghL fy;tpia EfUNthUf;Fupa nryTfs; mjpfupf;fpd;wJ.

fld; ml;ilfis nrYj;jpa ,izj;jsj;jpy; mwpit Efu Ntz;bAs;sJ.

Gj;jhf;f gpj;J (MAINA) khztUF;F Vw;gLfpd;wJ. DOT.Com Hy Steria vd;w csj;jhf;fj;jpid Vw;gLj;Jfpd;wJ.

juNkk;ghl cila ,jtbt cUthf;fk; (MODULE)

fz;zpgjpthf khw;Wk; NghJ cw;gj;jpr; nryT mjpfupf;fpd;wJ. mjpfupj;j nryT Efu;rprahsu; (khztu;) kPJ Rkj;jg;gLfpd;wJ. (,yhgj;Jld;)

fy;tp epWtdq;fs; mwpTf; fk;gdpfshf khwptpLfpd;wd.

crhj;Jiz E}y;fs;

1. kf;fs; tq;fp (Vg;uy;/Nk 2000) nghUspay; Nehf;F> fyhepjp. N[.gp. fNyfk; cyfkakhf;fy; kf;fs; tq;fp jiyikafk;> nfhOk;G 12

2. kf;fs; tq;fp (Mtzp/Gul;lhjp 2010) nghUspay; Nehf;F> fyhepjp. cghyp vk;nrlu;> mwpTg; nghUshjhuKk; nghJf;fy;tpAk; kf;fs; tq;fpj; jiyikfk;> nfhOk;G 02

3. n[auhrh. rgh (2006) Nfhskakhf;fYk; ,yq;ifapd; fy;tpAk;> ,yq;if Kw;Nghf;Ff; fiy ,yf;fpag; Nguit> nfhOk;G.

4. n[auhrh rgh (2011) fy;tpapy; vOtpdhf;s; NrkkF gjpg;gfk;> nfhOk;G

1. Efu;r;rpg; gz;lkhf fy;tp khw;wg;gl;l tUfpd;wJ. cw;gj;jp epWtdq;fspd; ,yf;FfSf;F Vw;gTk; mtw;wpd; rpf;fdj; jd;ikf;F Vw;gTk; fw;wtu;fSk; fy;tp epWtdq;fSk; ,iuahFk; Njhw;wg;ghLfs; Nknyoj; njhlq;fpAs;sd.

tpisTfs;

1. kdpj ehfuPfj;jpd; cau;e;j fl;lkhf NKiyj;Nja re;ij epiyg;gl;l kNdhghtq;fis cs;slf;fpa r%fk; Fwpg;gplg;gLfpd;wJ.

2. Gjpjhf twpatu;fs; cUthFfpd;wdu;. tPl;lw;wtu;fspd; vz;zpf;if mjpfupg;G> vjpu; epWtdkakhf;fy; nraw;ghLfs; mjpfupf;fpd;wJ.

3. fy;tp epWtdq;fspypUe;J ntsptPrg;gLNthu; vz;zpf;if cau;e;J nry;fpd;wJ.

4. fw;wtu;fs; jkJ gz;ghl;bypUe;J tPrg;gLfpd;wdu;.

5. jkJ gz;ghl;NlhL ,zf;fKw;W thOk; khzt;fis cUthf;Ftjw;F gjpyhf jkJ gz;ghl;Lr; RtLfis epuhfupf;fr; nra;Ak; csg;ghq;Ffis epug;gpf;fy;tpr; nraw;ghLfs; Kidfpd;wd. Ra fw;wy; Ra tsq;fs; gw;wpa ek;gpf;if tul;rpia fy;tp toq;Ffpd;wJ.

2. fy;tpf;fhd nryT jpl;lkpl;Lf; Fiwf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

cyf tq;fpapd; mwpTiufspd; gb cUthf;fg;gLk; fl;likg;Gr; rPuhf;f eltbf;iffs; (Structural Adjustments)

,jdhy; elg;G tho;T tpOkpa gz;Gfs; eRf;fg;gl;L Efu;r;rp tpOkpaq;fs; typAWj;jg;gLfpd;wd.

cyf re;ij Ntz;b epw;Fk; jpwd;fisAk; Mw;wy;fiyAk; tsuj;jy; Muk;gf;fy;tp Kjy; cau;kl;lk; tiu Kd;ndLf;fg;gl;L tUfpd;wJ.

Njrpa nkhopfs; gykpoe;jitfshff; fhl;lg;gLfpd;wd.

3. cstpay; mOj;jq;fs;

1. tho;tpay; Nfhyq;fs; kWf;fg;gLjy;.

2. jha;nkhopapy; fw;Fk; tha;g;Gf; Fiwtiljy;.

3. fy;tp epWtdq;fs; xg;gPl;L mstpy; xd;Wf;nfhd;W xg;gpl;L tUj;jkiljy;.

4. khztu; Ruz;ly;.

5. fy;tpf; fl;lzk; mjpfupg;G

6. fpuhkpa khztu;fs; ghjpf;fg;gly;.

7. Nghl;b tpsk;guq;fs;

8. EioTg; guPl;ir kw;Wk; fy;tp fl;lzj;jpd; mjpfupg;G

4. mwpif tpQ;Qhdk;

mwpif tpQ;Qhdk; r%f eLtu; epiyapypUe;J njhopy;El;g eLtu; epiyia Nehf;fp efu itf;fpd;wJ.

mjhtJ kdpjdpd; mwpif r%f tpUj;jpf;fhf gad;gLk; epiyapy; ,yhgkPl;Lk; epiyf;F khw;wg;gLfpd;wJ.

tFg;giwiar; #o;e;Js;s gue;j cyF gw;wpa fz;Nzhl;lk; njhopy;El;g eLtu; Nghf;F epiyFiiye;J tpLfpd;wJ.

,yj;jpudpay; fhydpj;Jtk;

,yq;ifapy; fy;tpr; nraw;ghLfspy; cyf tq;fpapd; Neubahd

jiyaPLfs;

,uz;L Kf;fpakhd nraw;ghLfs;

1. mjpf msthd jdpahs; kakhf;fiyf; fy;tpapNyNa Kd;ndLj;jy;.

2. epWtdq;fs; fy;tpf;Fj; jpl;l nryTfis khztuplkpUe;J kPsg;ngw;Wf; nfhs;sy;.

,jdhy; fy;tapy; rktha;g;Gr; rkre;ju;g;gKk; jfu;f;fg;gLfpd;wdu;.

twpatu;fs; fy;tpapy; epuhfupf;fg;gLk; mghak; vOfpd;wJ. (cjhuzk; jdpahu;

gy;fiyf;fofq;fs)



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